PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.